Predicting sentiment from product reviews¶

Fire up GraphLab Create¶

import graphlab

# Limit number of worker processes. This preserves system memory, which prevents hosted notebooks from crashing.
graphlab.set_runtime_config('GRAPHLAB_DEFAULT_NUM_PYLAMBDA_WORKERS', 4)

[INFO] graphlab.cython.cy_server: GraphLab Create v2.1 started. Logging: C:\Users\lenovo\AppData\Local\Temp\graphlab_server_1481949095.log.0

This non-commercial license of GraphLab Create for academic use is assigned to 870891415@qq.com and will expire on December 06, 2017.

Read some product review data¶

Loading reviews for a set of baby products.

products = graphlab.SFrame('amazon_baby.gl/')

Let's explore this data together¶

Data includes the product name, the review text and the rating of the review.

products.head()

Build the word count vector for each review¶

graphlab.text_analytics.count_words()：分词并统计

products['word_count'] = graphlab.text_analytics.count_words(products['review'])

products.head()

graphlab.canvas.set_target('ipynb')

products['name'].show()

Examining the reviews for most-sold product: 'Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether'¶

探索一款长颈鹿玩具：Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether

giraffe_reviews = products[products['name'] == 'Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether']

len(SFrame)：查询有多少行

len(giraffe_reviews) # 查询点评数量

785

giraffe_reviews['rating'].show(view='Categorical')

Build a sentiment classifier¶

建立情感分类器

products['rating'].show(view='Categorical')

Define what's a positive and a negative sentiment¶

We will ignore all reviews with rating = 3, since they tend to have a neutral sentiment. Reviews with a rating of 4 or higher will be considered positive, while the ones with rating of 2 or lower will have a negative sentiment. 假定 5 星和 4 星为好评，3 星忽略，2 星和 1 星为差评

# ignore all 3* reviews
products = products[products['rating'] != 3]

# positive sentiment = 4* or 5* reviews
products['sentiment'] = products['rating'] >=4

products.head()

Let's train the sentiment classifier¶

train_data,test_data = products.random_split(.8, seed=0)

graphlab.logistic_classifier.create()：建立逻辑回归分类器

sentiment_model = graphlab.logistic_classifier.create(train_data,
                                                     target='sentiment',
                                                     features=['word_count'],
                                                     validation_set=test_data)

WARNING: The number of feature dimensions in this problem is very large in comparison with the number of examples. Unless an appropriate regularization value is set, this model may not provide accurate predictions for a validation/test set.

Logistic regression:

--------------------------------------------------------

Number of examples          : 133448

Number of classes           : 2

Number of feature columns   : 1

Number of unpacked features : 219217

Number of coefficients    : 219218

Starting L-BFGS

--------------------------------------------------------

Evaluate the sentiment model¶

利用 ROC 曲线研究混淆矩阵中假阳性和假阴性

sentiment_model.evaluate(test_data, metric='roc_curve')

{'roc_curve': Columns:
 	threshold	float
 	fpr	float
 	tpr	float
 	p	int
 	n	int
 
 Rows: 100001
 
 Data:
 +-----------+----------------+----------------+-------+------+
 | threshold |      fpr       |      tpr       |   p   |  n   |
 +-----------+----------------+----------------+-------+------+
 |    0.0    |      1.0       |      1.0       | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   1e-05   | 0.909346846847 | 0.998856162425 | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   2e-05   | 0.896021021021 | 0.998748927652 | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   3e-05   | 0.886448948949 | 0.998462968259 | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   4e-05   | 0.879692192192 | 0.998284243637 | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   5e-05   | 0.875187687688 | 0.998212753789 | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   6e-05   | 0.872184684685 | 0.998177008865 | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   7e-05   | 0.868618618619 | 0.998034029168 | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   8e-05   | 0.864677177177 | 0.997998284244 | 27976 | 5328 |
 |   9e-05   | 0.860735735736 | 0.997962539319 | 27976 | 5328 |
 +-----------+----------------+----------------+-------+------+
 [100001 rows x 5 columns]
 Note: Only the head of the SFrame is printed.
 You can use print_rows(num_rows=m, num_columns=n) to print more rows and columns.}

sentiment_model.show(view='Evaluation')

Applying the learned model to understand sentiment for Giraffe¶

giraffe_reviews['predicted_sentiment'] = sentiment_model.predict(giraffe_reviews, output_type='probability')

giraffe_reviews.head()

Sort the reviews based on the predicted sentiment and explore¶

sort()：排序（ascending 表示升序）

giraffe_reviews = giraffe_reviews.sort('predicted_sentiment', ascending=False) # 降序

giraffe_reviews.head()

Most positive reviews for the giraffe¶

giraffe_reviews[0]['review']

"Sophie, oh Sophie, your time has come. My granddaughter, Violet is 5 months old and starting to teeth. What joy little Sophie brings to Violet. Sophie is made of a very pliable rubber that is sturdy but not tough. It is quite easy for Violet to twist Sophie into unheard of positions to get Sophie into her mouth. The little nose and hooves fit perfectly into small mouths, and the drooling has purpose. The paint on Sophie is food quality.Sophie was born in 1961 in France. The maker had wondered why there was nothing available for babies and made Sophie from the finest rubber, phthalate-free on St Sophie's Day, thus the name was born. Since that time millions of Sophie's populate the world. She is soft and for babies little hands easy to grasp. Violet especially loves the bumpy head and horns of Sophie. Sophie has a long neck that easy to grasp and twist. She has lovely, sizable spots that attract Violet's attention. Sophie has happy little squeaks that bring squeals of delight from Violet. She is able to make Sophie squeak and that brings much joy. Sophie's smooth skin is soothing to Violet's little gums. Sophie is 7 inches tall and is the exact correct size for babies to hold and love.As you well know the first thing babies grasp, goes into their mouths- how wonderful to have a toy that stimulates all of the senses and helps with the issue of teething. Sophie is small enough to fit into any size pocket or bag. Sophie is the perfect find for babies from a few months to a year old. How wonderful to hear the giggles and laughs that emanate from babies who find Sophie irresistible. Viva La Sophie!Highly Recommended.  prisrob 12-11-09"

giraffe_reviews[1]['review']

"I'm not sure why Sophie is such a hit with the little ones, but my 7 month old baby girl is one of her adoring fans.  The rubber is softer and more pleasant to handle, and my daughter has enjoyed chewing on her legs and the nubs on her head even before she started teething.  She also loves the squeak that Sophie makes when you squeeze her.  Not sure what it is but if Sophie is amongst a pile of her other toys, my daughter will more often than not reach for Sophie.  And I have the peace of mind of knowing that only edible and safe paints and materials have been used to make Sophie, as opposed to Bright Starts and other baby toys made in China.  Now that the research is out on phthalates and other toxic substances in baby toys, I think it's more important than ever to find good quality toys that are also safe for our babies to handle and put in their mouths.  Sophie is a must-have for every new mom in my opinion.  Even if your kid is one of the few that can take or leave her, it's worth a try.  Vulli, the makers of Sophie, also make natural rubber teething rings that my daughter loves as well."

Show most negative reviews for giraffe¶

giraffe_reviews[-1]['review']

"My son (now 2.5) LOVED his Sophie, and I bought one for every baby shower I've gone to. Now, my daughter (6 months) just today nearly choked on it and I will never give it to her again. Had I not been within hearing range it could have been fatal. The strange sound she was making caught my attention and when I went to her and found the front curved leg shoved well down her throat and her face a purply/blue I panicked. I pulled it out and she vomited all over the carpet before screaming her head off. I can't believe how my opinion of this toy has changed from a must-have to a must-not-use. Please don't disregard any of the choking hazard comments, they are not over exaggerated!"

giraffe_reviews[-2]['review']

"This children's toy is nostalgic and very cute. However, there is a distinct rubber smell and a very odd taste, yes I tried it, that my baby did not enjoy. Also, if it is soiled it is extremely difficult to clean as the rubber is a kind of porus material and does not clean well. The final thing is the squeaking device inside which stopped working after the first couple of days. I returned this item feeling I had overpaid for a toy that was defective and did not meet my expectations. Please do not be swayed by the cute packaging and hype surounding it as I was. One more thing, I was given a full refund from Amazon without any problem."

name	review	rating
Planetwise Flannel Wipes	These flannel wipes are OK, but in my opinion ...	3.0
Planetwise Wipe Pouch	it came early and was not disappointed. i love ...	5.0
Annas Dream Full Quilt with 2 Shams ...	Very soft and comfortable and warmer than it ...	5.0
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	This is a product well worth the purchase. I ...	5.0
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	All of my kids have cried non-stop when I tried to ...	5.0
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	When the Binky Fairy came to our house, we didn't ...	5.0
A Tale of Baby's Days with Peter Rabbit ...	Lovely book, it's bound tightly so you may no ...	4.0
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	Perfect for new parents. We were able to keep ...	5.0
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	A friend of mine pinned this product on Pinte ...	5.0
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	This has been an easy way for my nanny to record ...	4.0

name	review	rating	word_count
Planetwise Flannel Wipes	These flannel wipes are OK, but in my opinion ...	3.0	{'and': 5L, 'stink': 1L, 'because': 1L, 'order ...
Planetwise Wipe Pouch	it came early and was not disappointed. i love ...	5.0	{'and': 3L, 'love': 1L, 'it': 2L, 'highly': 1L, ...
Annas Dream Full Quilt with 2 Shams ...	Very soft and comfortable and warmer than it ...	5.0	{'and': 2L, 'quilt': 1L, 'it': 1L, 'comfortable': ...
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	This is a product well worth the purchase. I ...	5.0	{'ingenious': 1L, 'and': 3L, 'love': 2L, ...
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	All of my kids have cried non-stop when I tried to ...	5.0	{'and': 2L, 'parents!!': 1L, 'all': 2L, 'puppe ...
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	When the Binky Fairy came to our house, we didn't ...	5.0	{'and': 2L, 'cute': 1L, 'help': 2L, 'doll': 1L, ...
A Tale of Baby's Days with Peter Rabbit ...	Lovely book, it's bound tightly so you may no ...	4.0	{'shop': 1L, 'be': 1L, 'is': 1L, 'it': 1L, ' ...
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	Perfect for new parents. We were able to keep ...	5.0	{'feeding,': 1L, 'and': 2L, 'all': 1L, 'right': ...
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	A friend of mine pinned this product on Pinte ...	5.0	{'and': 1L, 'help': 1L, 'give': 1L, 'is': 1L, ...
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	This has been an easy way for my nanny to record ...	4.0	{'journal.': 1L, 'all': 1L, 'standarad': 1L, ...

name	review	rating	word_count	sentiment
Planetwise Wipe Pouch	it came early and was not disappointed. i love ...	5.0	{'and': 3L, 'love': 1L, 'it': 2L, 'highly': 1L, ...	1
Annas Dream Full Quilt with 2 Shams ...	Very soft and comfortable and warmer than it ...	5.0	{'and': 2L, 'quilt': 1L, 'it': 1L, 'comfortable': ...	1
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	This is a product well worth the purchase. I ...	5.0	{'ingenious': 1L, 'and': 3L, 'love': 2L, ...	1
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	All of my kids have cried non-stop when I tried to ...	5.0	{'and': 2L, 'parents!!': 1L, 'all': 2L, 'puppe ...	1
Stop Pacifier Sucking without tears with ...	When the Binky Fairy came to our house, we didn't ...	5.0	{'and': 2L, 'cute': 1L, 'help': 2L, 'doll': 1L, ...	1
A Tale of Baby's Days with Peter Rabbit ...	Lovely book, it's bound tightly so you may no ...	4.0	{'shop': 1L, 'be': 1L, 'is': 1L, 'it': 1L, ' ...	1
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	Perfect for new parents. We were able to keep ...	5.0	{'feeding,': 1L, 'and': 2L, 'all': 1L, 'right': ...	1
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	A friend of mine pinned this product on Pinte ...	5.0	{'and': 1L, 'help': 1L, 'give': 1L, 'is': 1L, ...	1
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	This has been an easy way for my nanny to record ...	4.0	{'journal.': 1L, 'all': 1L, 'standarad': 1L, ...	1
Baby Tracker® - Daily Childcare Journal, ...	I love this journal and our nanny uses it ...	4.0	{'all': 1L, 'forget': 1L, 'just': 1L, "daughter ...	1

name	review	rating	word_count	predicted_sentiment
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	He likes chewing on all the parts especially the ...	5.0	{'and': 1L, 'all': 1L, 'because': 1L, 'it': 1L, ...	0.999513023521
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	My son loves this toy and fits great in the diaper ...	5.0	{'and': 1L, 'right': 1L, 'help': 1L, 'just': 1L, ...	0.999320678306
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	There really should be a large warning on the ...	1.0	{'and': 2L, 'all': 1L, 'latex.': 1L, 'being': ...	0.013558811687
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	All the moms in my moms' group got Sophie for ...	5.0	{'and': 2L, 'one!': 1L, 'all': 1L, 'love': 1L, ...	0.995769474148
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	I was a little skeptical on whether Sophie was ...	5.0	{'and': 3L, 'all': 1L, 'old': 1L, 'her.': 1L, ...	0.662374415673
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	I have been reading about Sophie and was going ...	5.0	{'and': 6L, 'seven': 1L, 'already': 1L, 'love': ...	0.999997148186
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	My neice loves her sophie and has spent hours ...	5.0	{'and': 4L, 'drooling,': 1L, 'love': 1L, 'her.': ...	0.989190989536
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	What a friendly face! And those mesmerizing ...	5.0	{'and': 3L, 'chew': 1L, "don't": 1L, 'is': 1L, ...	0.999563518413
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	We got this just for my son to chew on instea ...	5.0	{'chew': 2L, 'because': 1L, 'just': 2L, 'what': ...	0.970160542725
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	My baby seems to like this toy, but I could ...	3.0	{'and': 2L, 'already': 1L, 'in': 1L, 'some': ...	0.195367644588

name	review	rating	word_count	predicted_sentiment
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	Sophie, oh Sophie, your time has come. My ...	5.0	{'giggles': 1L, 'all': 1L, "violet's": 2L, ...	1.0
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	I'm not sure why Sophie is such a hit with the ...	4.0	{'peace': 1L, 'month': 1L, 'bright': 1L, ...	0.999999999703
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	I'll be honest...I bought this toy because all the ...	4.0	{'all': 2L, 'pops': 1L, 'existence.': 1L, ...	0.999999999392
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	We got this little giraffe as a gift from a ...	5.0	{'all': 2L, "don't": 1L, '(literally).so': 1L, ...	0.99999999919
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	As a mother of 16month old twins; I bought ...	5.0	{'cute': 1L, 'all': 1L, 'reviews.': 2L, 'just': ...	0.999999998657
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	Sophie the Giraffe is the perfect teething toy. ...	5.0	{'just': 2L, 'both': 1L, 'month': 1L, 'ears,': ...	0.999999997108
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	Sophie la giraffe is absolutely the best toy ...	5.0	{'and': 5L, 'the': 1L, 'all': 1L, 'old': 1L, ...	0.999999995589
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	My 5-mos old son took to this immediately. The ...	5.0	{'just': 1L, 'shape': 2L, 'mutt': 1L, '"dog': 1L, ...	0.999999995573
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	My nephews and my four kids all had Sophie in ...	5.0	{'and': 4L, 'chew': 1L, 'all': 1L, 'perfect;': ...	0.999999989527
Vulli Sophie the Giraffe Teether ...	Never thought I'd see my son French kissing a ...	5.0	{'giggles': 1L, 'all': 1L, 'out,': 1L, 'over': ...	0.999999985069